World-class financial market, fusion culture from the east and the west, massive population, challenging future

Foreword

The Future of Infrastructure

With over 7.4 million inhabiting a land area of just 1,073 square kilometres, Hong Kong is one of the world’s most densely populated cities, each square kilometre accommodating over 6,800 citizens on average. Meeting the needs for mobility, economic productivity, liveability and sustainability has propelled the city to envision and realise infrastructure feats, garnering it international recognition, such as World No.1 for infrastructure competitiveness in the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report 2017 - 2018.

With forecasted population growth in the next decades, addressing infrastructure demands will be the biggest challenge. Despite its lauded public transportation system, travel is becoming increasingly stressful. With nearly all of Hong Kong's easily available land already used, providing future capacity necessitates a rethink of the urban ecosystem. And against a backdrop of climate, technological, and geopolitical changes, our research reveals that many feel uncertain about the city’s resiliency.

The future is challenging, yet positive, given the mutually strong appetite of users and service providers for smarter, faster, better infrastructure. Our research indicates a good level of willingness among citizens to share personal data with the city agencies towards that.

Through the decades, AECOM has partnered with stakeholders in Hong Kong to provide infrastructure for the prosperity of the city and its citizens. The decades ahead are no less challenging, but equally bright if we all work together. AECOM’s research provides direction towards how planners, designers, engineers and management professionals can collaborate with all stakeholders to develop and deliver innovative infrastructure solutions that improve citizens’ lives and generate value for Hong Kong, its neighbouring cities and beyond.

Ian Chung
Chief Executive, Greater China, AECOM

Charlton Wong
Chairman, Hong Kong, AECOM

Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China. With a perfect fusion of oriental and western features, Hong Kong has become a world-class financial, trading and business centre. It has a population of about 7.4 million, with the distinction of having one of the world’s highest rates of urban density as well as one of the world’s highest life expectancies at birth.

Over the last several decades, Hong Kong has been dealing with one of the great challenges of its history — the task of providing new, modern housing and infrastructure for millions of people.

INFRASTRUCTURE IS EVERYONE’S BUSINESS

In collaboration with Longitude — a Financial Times Company, AECOM’s Future of Infrastructure research harnesses survey data and opinions from over 10,000 infrastructure users in 10 major global cities, including Hong Kong, to ask how satisfied, safe, inspired and engaged people feel with their roads and bridges, rail services and utilities.

  • Satisfaction
  • Engagement
  • Innovation
  • Resilience
  • City quick facts

    City Leader / Mayor 

    Mrs Carrie Lam, GBM, GBS — Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (July 2017 - )

    The Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) of the People’s Republic of China is the head of the HKSAR and its government.Chief Executive, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region The Chief Executive is elected by the Election Committee and appointed by the Central People’s Government.

    Who is responsible for infrastructure?

    The Civil Engineering and Development Department (CEDD) of the government of the HKSAR provides civil engineering services to meet Hong Kong's development needs. Its four major areas of services include: provision of land and infrastructure; port and marine services; geotechnical services; and environment and sustainable services. The department comprises seven offices — including the Civil Engineering Office and Geotechnical Engineering Office — which report to the Director of Civil Engineering and Development.

STRONG PROGRESS, BUT WORK TO DO

Hong Kong ranks fifth out of the 10 cities in the overall index score (4.05), according to the survey. Citizens in Hong Kong have the highest satisfaction rates (7.5) for their infrastructure among all of the cities surveyed, while ranking joint fifth for its resilience score (5.5) with Chicago and Sydney. Yet, Hong Kong ranks last in the innovation (5.5) and joint last in the engagement aspects (2.7), respectively, again with Chicago and Sydney.

Our research reveals that citizens in Hong Kong generally are ‘very satisfied’ with the city’s management of infrastructure and related services, but they expect to be more involved in infrastructure delivery and development. They are also eager to help the city move forward innovatively, with a number of respondents (40%) willing to share personal data with city agencies if it helps them improve city infrastructure and infrastructure services.    

Regarding the future, improving environmental sustainability is the top priority in Hong Kong. Citizens in Hong Kong also think that fibre-optic broadband is the technology that will have the biggest positive future impact on their quality of life.

The Voice of the People // The Future of Infrastructure

[City]: Satisfaction

Hong Kong residents are the happiest of those in our sample, in terms of satisfaction, with the city securing the highest Satisfaction index score among the 10 cities (7.5), and scoring consistently well when it comes to the services citizens use most often – electricity, water and public transportation. Along with London, Hong Kong also has the highest Transport Quality index score (6.5), comparing with the aggregate score (6.1).

This score combines performance and reliability (averaged). When it comes to the affordability of public transportation fares, Hong Kong ranks third among the cities with a score of 6.4, behind Mumbai and Los Angeles.

Scores for satisfaction, engagement, innovation, and resilience are based on a 1–10 scale.

  • 10–7.6

    Very satisfied

  • 7.5–5.1

    Moderately satisfied

  • 5.0–2.6

    Not very satisfied

  • 2.5–1.0

    Dissatisfied

With regards to utility affordability, the water supply (7.6) and power supply (6.7) in Hong Kong are considered the most affordable out of all 10 cities. Hong Kong’s reliability index score of 9.0 also shows that it has the least reported electricity outages. At the same time, it ranks fourth regarding water utility reliability with a score of 8.5.

Some 94% of Hong Kong respondents point out that their primary method of transportation is public transport — the highest percentage among all 10 cities. However, 75% believe using public transportation is becoming more stressful. Some 50% agree it is affordable and nearly two-thirds (63%) state that the public transportation they use is ‘good’ or ‘excellent’ at getting them wherever they need to be. Around 35% agree that public transportation is ‘good’ or 'excellent’ in terms of its reliability, especially regarding its timeliness. But the majority (51%), however, state it is 'acceptable'.

A total of 77% of Hong Kong respondents agree that their regular water bill is affordable, and 60% see their regular power bill as affordable. With a score of 9.0, Hong Kong has the highest index of electricity stability among all 10 cities, and 70% of the respondents claim they have not experienced a loss of power supply to their neighbourhood in the past 12 months. Water stability ranks fourth among all cities, with 64% of citizens surveyed stating they have not experienced an outage or restricted supply of water in the past year.

Article / Engagement

Do You Know Your Community?
Five Steps to Working Closer

Do You Know Your Community?
Article / Skills

All Change?
Infrastructure’s Next-Gen Workforce

All Change?
Article / Funding

An Informed Engaged Public:
Key to Modernizing Infrastructure

An Informed Engaged Public:

The Voice of the People // The Future of Infrastructure

[City]: Engagement

Hong Kong’s index score for engagement is the lowest among all cities (alongside Chicago and Sydney). Regarding engagement with transport infrastructure, the score of 2.4 indicates that the citizens surveyed are keen to be involved more on transportation issues.

This compares with the average all cities score of 3.1. Around half of the Hong Kong respondents think that they would prefer to have more opportunities to provide feedback on public infrastructure issues, including the price of services, future planning and changes to schedule (public transport).

 

Scores for satisfaction, engagement, innovation, and resilience are based on a 1–10 scale.

  • 10–7.6

    Very satisfied

  • 7.5–5.1

    Moderately satisfied

  • 5.0–2.6

    Not very satisfied

  • 2.5–1.0

    Dissatisfied

More than half of the respondents (53%) think that the private sector should be more involved in the development of infrastructure. Speaking of government officials, 56% of the respondents in Hong Kong agree that it’s better for city officials to take a longer-term view of infrastructure planning. Many also believe that the city planning authorities are making it easier to interact with them through social media (43%) and mobile channels (apps, text/SMS) (44%). Yet, 52% of the respondents agree that they would prefer having a longer consultation period at the planning stage to respond with their views on infrastructure improvements or investments, so as to make their influence meaningful. In addition, 63% of respondents said that they were eager for more opportunities to provide feedback to a public transportation provider.

The top Three major infrastructure projects delivered in Hong Kong IN the last ten years

Project

Express Rail Link — Hong Kong West Kowloon Station

Express Rail Link — Hong Kong West Kowloon Station
Project

Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Link

Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Link
Project

Harbor Area Treatment Scheme

Harbor Area Treatment Scheme

The Voice of the People // The Future of Infrastructure

[City]: Innovation

Residents in all cities are broadly positive about the level of innovation in infrastructure and services, while Hong Kong scored 5.5 on this measure. In terms of car sharing/carpooling (e.g. Zipcar, car2go), the survey shows this service isn’t currently offered in Hong Kong, which contributes to pulling down Hong Kong’s score to below the average of 6.2, and also the lowest score of all cities.

Some 74% of respondents say fibre-optic broadband and waste recycling respectively are available, which is higher than average. Just over a quarter (28%) disagree that the main provider of public transportation makes available innovative payment options depending on time of day or usage — the highest rate among all cities, along with New York and Toronto.

Scores for satisfaction, engagement, innovation, and resilience are based on a 1–10 scale.

  • 10–7.6

    Very satisfied

  • 7.5–5.1

    Moderately satisfied

  • 5.0–2.6

    Not very satisfied

  • 2.5–1.0

    Dissatisfied

Fibre-optic broadband is seen as the technology that will have the greatest impact on quality of life, followed by mobile payment channels. For daily usage, 35% agree that the main provider of public transportation makes available innovative payment options depending on time of day or usage, and 59% of them also use one or more mobile apps to stay current on the status of public transport. In light of innovation, 40% of the respondents are open to share personal data with relevant city agencies to help them improve city infrastructure or infrastructure services.

Article / innovation

Right Here, Right Now:
Mobility as a Service

Right Here, Right Now:
Article / Accelerated delivery

Olmsted Dam:
Making Modern America

Olmsted Dam:
Article / Resilience

Making Cities Resilient:
A Cyber Stress Test

Making Cities Resilient:

The Voice of the People // The Future of Infrastructure

[City]: Resilience

The aggregate score of 5.7 in resilience suggests some level of confidence with infrastructure resilience to natural disasters and terrorism; less so in terms of cyberattacks. Hong Kong’s score is below average for all the aspects — in terms of natural disasters, cyberattack and terrorism — with an index score for resilience of 5.5, the same as Chicago and Sydney.

The survey also suggests 38% of citizens are confident in government’s ability to protect infrastructure from natural disasters; 30% of citizens are confident in government to protect infrastructure from cyberattack; while 36% are confident in government to protect infrastructure in terms of terrorism.

 

Scores for satisfaction, engagement, innovation, and resilience are based on a 1–10 scale.

  • 10–7.6

    Very satisfied

  • 7.5–5.1

    Moderately satisfied

  • 5.0–2.6

    Not very satisfied

  • 2.5–1.0

    Dissatisfied

When it comes to the environment, 64% of the respondents believe the Hong Kong government could do better in fostering environmentally sustainable practices, 39% agree that the amount of open green space (e.g. parks and gardens) has expanded in the past two years. Some 33% of the respondents claim that they have been informed of drills or exercises that the city authorities have organised in the past two years to prepare for emergency situations.

 

Respondents identified improving environmental sustainability (e.g. recycling, wastewater re-use, solar power), upgrading of public transportation, protection against the impacts of natural disasters (e.g. flood protection) and upgrading of utilities (water, power) as their top four (in order of priority) most important improvements to infrastructure for the future.

The Future of Infrastructure

Infographic

Hong Kong at a glance

The top three future infrastructure projects in Hong kong 

Project

Central-Wan Chai Bypass and Island Eastern Corridor Link

Central-Wan Chai Bypass and Island Eastern Corridor Link
Project

Relocation of Sha Tin Sewage Treatment Works to Caverns

Relocation of Sha Tin Sewage Treatment Works to Caverns
Project

Hong Kong International Airport: The Three-Runway System

Hong Kong International Airport: The Three-Runway System